Calculation of the substitutional fraction of ion-implanted He in an α-Fe target

Ion-implantation is a useful technique to study irradiation damage in nuclear materials. To study He effects in nuclear fusion conditions, He is co-implanted with damage ions to reproduce the correct He/dpa ratios in the desired or available depth range. However, the short-term fate of these He ions, i.e over the time scales of their own collisional phase, has not been yet unequivocally established. Here we present an atomistic study of the short-term evolution of He implantation in an Fe substrate to approximate the conditions encountered in dual ion-implantation studies in ferritic materials. Specifically, we calculate the fraction of He atoms that end up in substitutional sites shortly after implantation, i.e. before they contribute to long-term miscrostructural evolution. We find that fractions of at most 3% should be expected for most implantation studies. In addition, we carry out an exhaustive calculation of interstitial He migration energy barriers in the vicinity of matrix vacancies and find that they vary from approximately 20 to 60 meV depending on the separation and orientation of the He-vacancy pair.